# Bulk Hydrogen Storage Cost Model

## Storage Types

H2Integrate models at least three types of bulk hydrogen storage technologies:

- **Underground Pipe Storage**: Hydrogen stored in underground pipeline networks
- **Lined Rock Caverns (LRC)**: Hydrogen stored in rock caverns with engineered linings
- **Salt Caverns**: Hydrogen stored in solution-mined salt caverns

These storage options provide different cost-capacity relationships suitable for various scales of hydrogen production and distribution.

## Cost Correlations

The bulk hydrogen storage costs are modeled as functions of storage capacity using exponential correlations:

$$Cost = \exp(a(\ln(m))^2 - b\ln(m) + c)$$

where $m$ is the useable amount of H₂ stored in tonnes.

## Installed Capital Cost and Lifetime Storage Cost

The figures below show how storage costs scale with capacity for different storage technologies:

![Installed capital cost scaling](images/installed_capital_cost_h2.png)

*Figure 1a: Installed capital cost (\$/kg-H₂) as a function of usable hydrogen storage capacity*

![Lifetime storage cost scaling](images/lifetime_storage_cost_h2.png)

*Figure 1b: Lifetime storage cost (\$/kg-H₂-stored) as a function of usable hydrogen storage capacity*

## Cost Correlation Coefficients

### Capital Cost Coefficients (Figure 1a)

| Storage                        | a        | b       | c      |
|--------------------------------|----------|---------|--------|
| Underground pipe storage       | 0.004161 | 0.06036 | 6.4581 |
| Underground lined rock caverns | 0.095803 | 1.5868  | 10.332 |
| Underground salt caverns       | 0.092548 | 1.6432  | 10.161 |

### Annual Cost Coefficients (Figure 1b)

| Storage                        | a        | b       | c      |
|--------------------------------|----------|---------|--------|
| Underground pipe storage       | 0.001559 | 0.03531 | 4.5183 |
| Underground lined rock caverns | 0.092286 | 1.5565  | 8.4658 |
| Underground salt caverns       | 0.085863 | 1.5574  | 8.1606 |